Category vs. object knowledge in category-based induction
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Category vs. Object Knowledge in Category-based Induction.
In one form of category-based induction, people make predictions about unknown properties of objects. There is a tension between predictions made based on the object's specific features (e.g., objects above a certain size tend not to fly) and those made by reference to category-level knowledge (e.g., birds fly). Seven experiments with artificial categories investigated these two sources of indu...
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One important property of human object categories is that they define the sets of exemplars to which newly observed properties are generalized. We manipulated the causal knowledge associated with novel categories and assessed the resulting strength of property inductions. We found that the theoretical coherence afforded to a category by inter-feature causal relationships strengthened inductive ...
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An argument is categorical if its premises and conclusion are of the form All members ofC have property F, where C is a natural category like FALCON or BIRD, and P remains the same across premises and conclusion. An example is Grizzly bears love onions. Therefore, all bears love onions. Such an argument is psychologically strong to the extent that belief in its premises engenders belief in its ...
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This paper examines inductive reasoning among experts in a domain. Three types of tree experts (landscapers, taxonomists, and parks maintenance personnel) completed three reasoning tasks. In Experiment 1, participants inferred which of two novel diseases would affect “more other kinds of trees” and provided justifications for their choices. Experiment 2 used modified instructions, asking which ...
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Theories of category-based human inductive reasoning typically rely on either associative or structured knowledge about relationships between categories. Here, we test a prediction, derived from a hybrid theory that utilizes both kinds of knowledge representation, that participants will experience conflict on a reasoning task in which associative and structured knowledge support different respo...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Memory and Language
سال: 2010
ISSN: 0749-596X
DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2009.12.002